Spiti Valley, which means “middle land”, was named this way because it lies between Tibet and the Indian subcontinent, reflecting its cultural and geographic links with both regions. Geographically located within Lahaul and Spiti districts at 12,500 feet above sea level, the region is defined by its cold desert hills, rugged terrain and a climate that sees only about 250 days of sunshine per year, making it one of the coldest places in India.
The history of Spiti Valley has been shaped by numerous cultures, thereby becoming extremely diverse, just like its landscape. Many tribes have made this valley their home for ages. That's why Buddhism is still one of the most practised religions there. The first known rulers of Spiti were from Lhasa (Tibet), which makes this place important to Ladakh’s history too. In 1262 AD, Kubla Khan conquered Spiti and it remained under Tibetan influence until the 17th century, after which the British annexed it to India. In 1846, under the Treaty of Amritsar with Raja Gulab Singh, the valley was made part of India.
The local chieftains, more popularly known as Nono, played an important role in governing the valley. These chieftains were given some modest administrative powers but gradually, they managed to become powerful due to the isolation of Spiti from all other Indian territories. It is derived from Greek, meaning “king of kings”, that the word “Nono” is.
Buddhism is deeply ingrained within Spiti Valley’s culture with most people following Geluk-pa sects. The valley has several ancient Monasteries like Key Monastery, Tabo Monastery, and Dhankar Monastery, which are spiritual centres and architectural wonders. Of these, the Tabo Monast